SIGNIFICANT TRADE IN ANIMALS

 

Net Trade Outputs

Produced by UNEP - WCMC in accordance with

DECISION 11.106 OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES

Directed to the Animals Committee

Regarding the implementation of
Resolution Conf. 8.9

July 2001

 

Prepared and produced by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK

 

The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre was established in 2000 as the world biodiversity information and assessment centre of the United Nations Environment Programme. The roots of the organisation go back to 1979, when it was founded as the IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre. In 1988 the World Conservation Monitoring Centre was created jointly by IUCN, WWF-International and UNEP. The financial support and guidance of these organisations in the Centre's formative years is gratefully acknowledged.

 

Prepared for: The CITES Secretariat

© Copyright: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre/CITES Secretariat

 

The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organisations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP or contributory organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

 

Contents

Introduction		Format
Mammalia
1.	Total net trade in wild-Appendix-II Mammalia by taxon, 1995-1999, highlighting taxa in significant trade1
1a.	Net exports of significantly-traded1-wild-Appendix-II Mammalian taxa, by country of export or re-export, for 1995-1999
Aves
2.	Total net trade in wild-Appendix-II Aves by taxon, 1995-1999, highlighting taxa in significant trade1
2a.	Net exports of significantly-traded1-wild-Appendix-II Avian taxa, by country of export or re-export, for 1995-1999
Reptilia
3.	Total net trade in wild-Appendix-II Reptilia by taxon, 1995-1999, highlighting taxa in significant trade1
3a.	Net exports of significantly-traded1-wild-Appendix-II Reptilian taxa, by country of export or re-export, for 1995-1999
Amphibia
4.	Total net trade in wild-Appendix-II Amphibia by taxon, 1995-1999, highlighting taxa in significant trade1
4a.	Net exports of significantly-traded1-wild-Appendix-II Amphibian taxa, by country of export or re-export, for 1995-1999
Pisces
5.	Total net trade in wild-Appendix-II Pisces by taxon, 1995-1999, highlighting taxa in significant trade1
5a.	Net exports of significantly-traded1-wild-Appendix-II Piscean taxa, by country of export or re-export, for 1995-1999
Invertebrata
6.	Total net trade in wild-Appendix-II Invertebrata by taxon, 1995-1999, highlighting taxa in significant trade1
6a.	Net exports of significantly-traded1-wild-Appendix-II Invertebrate taxa, by country of export or re-export, for 1995-1999
1 Significant trade has been defined as 100 units per annum (see introduction)

 

Introduction

The following outputs, produced for review by the CITES Animals Committee, have been prepared by the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre in accordance with Decision 11.106 of the Conference of the Parties.

There are two types of output per section, the first gives the total net trade in each taxa for the years 1995-1999. On the left of the species name an asterisk has been generated where the annual average trade of the species is greater than or equal to the "safe" level decided by the Animals Committee. In this instance, an annual average trade of 100 was chosen as the "safe" level.

The second output contains a breakdown of the countries of export/re-export, and net export figures, for species where the average annual net trade was ≥ 100.

The programme that highlights species where the trade is greater than or equal to a specified number is user-defined, i.e., the ‘critical’ number selected for these outputs was 100, but any number can be used.

The queries created on the UNEP-WCMC CITES Trade Database to produce the outputs for the main body of this review specified that only the species where the reported origin was wild, ranched, unknown or unrecorded would be selected. Queries created for Annex A include trade reported as captive-bred, F1 captive-born and Appendix-I animals bred in captivity for commercial purposes.

For each class the most representative commodities were chosen. These are as follows.

MAMMALIA	bodies, cloth1, derivatives, fibre1, gall, gall bladder, hair1, live, meat, musk, plates, skins, teeth2, trophies3, tusks4
AVES	bodies, eggs, eggs (live), live, meat, skins, trophies
REPTILIA	bodies, carapaces, eggs, live, meat, skins, trophies
AMPHIBIA	bodies, eggs, live, meat5
PISCES	bodies, eggs, eggs (live), live, meat, skins, swim bladders
INVERTEBRATA	bodies, corals (raw), live, meat, shells

1. Only cloth, hair and fibres from Lama guanicoe and Vicugna vicugna were included.
2. Only teeth of Hippopotamus amphibus were included; tusks were converted to teeth.
3. Trophies of Hippopotamus amphibus, Loxodonta africana and Monodon monocerus were not included.
4. Only tusks of Loxodonta africana and Monodon monocerus were included; teeth were converted to tusks in the latter species.
5. Frogs legs were converted to meat

Trade reported in pounds, tons or grammes has been converted to kilogrammes; similarly trade reported in centimetres or feet has been converted to metres and trade reported in square feet or square decimetres to square metres. Trade reported in bags, bottles, cartons or cases has been converted to boxes. Where sides of skin were reported the quantity has been halved and the unit converted to whole skins.

The main report has been limited to Appendix-II species. For split-listed species, on both Appendix I and II, all trade has been included in this analysis. For trade reported at higher taxonomic levels where there is a split listing only trade in Appendix-II specimens has been included.

Taxa listed on Appendix II during part or all of the relevant period, 1995-1999, but no longer listed on Appendix II have not been included in the analysis. Where taxa moved from Appendix I or III to Appendix II during the period 1995-1999, all trade that was reported during the entire period has been included. Where taxa were introduced to CITES during this period the average annual trade has been calculated using only those years for which the taxa were listed.