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Establishing a Long Term System
for Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE)

Annex 5: Detailed budget breakdown

The following detailed cost analyses are attached:

	5.1	Cost breakdown per survey year by heading
	5.2	Population survey costs
	5.3	Survey equipment
		a) b)	Costing of survey equipment - Africa Costing of survey equipment - Asia
	5.4	Costing for data collection and compilation
	5.5	Costing of Technical Support and Data Processing Unit and Reporting
	5.6	Costing of capacity building
	5.7	Sub-regional cost breakdown
	5.8	Costing of initial set-up costs
	5.9	Estimated overall costs for Years 1-6
	5.10	Example costing models

 

5.1 Cost breakdown per survey year by heading

Cost Headings				Annex	USD
Population surveys
survey costs survey equipment			total	6.2	716,312
			Africa	6.3a	314,693
			Asia	6.3b	122,981
Data collection and compilation				6.4	713,909
Technical support and data unit and reporting				6.5	306,475
Capacity Building				6.6	179,228
				Total	2,353,597

 

 

5.2 Population survey costs ( does not include equipment)

Scenario 3		65% sampling	60 total sites
East Africa - Site ID's	Method	Size sq.km	Transect Kms	Cost/km	Total
1	AT	709	374	12	4,494
3	DuC	125	10	30	313
4	AT	7,485	3,953	12	47,441
5	asmpn	3,000	1,585	12	19,015
9	AS	43,626	4,839	12	58,067
7	AT	3,366	1,778	12	21,334
10	AS	10,401	1,154	12	13,844
12	AT	2,800	1,479	12	17,747
Central Africa - Site ID's
1	AS	3,156	350	12	4,201
2	DuC	30,000	525	30	15,750
4	DuC	6,000	105	30	3,150
3	AS	15,125	1,678	12	20,132
5	DuC	1,322	23	30	694
7	AT	1,700	898	12	10,775
11	DuC	1,266	22	30	665
9	asmpn	3,000	1,585	12	19,015
8	TC	3,292	274	30	8,230
10	DuC	5,500	96	30	2,888
12	DuC	3,000	53	30	1,575
15	DuC	6,000	105	30	3,150
16	DuC	5,000	88	30	2,625
West Africa - Site ID's
2	DuC	2,755	48	30	1,446
7	DuC	8,119	142	30	4,262
9	DuC	1,038	18	30	545
10	AS	4,840	537	12	6,442
15	asmpn	3,000	1,585	12	19,015
16	DuC	27,000	473	30	14,175
17	AT	2,244	1,185	12	14,223
24	AT	16.5	9	12	105
26	DuC	1,391	735	12	8,816
6	AS	2,368	263	12	3,152
8	AS	19,337	2,145	12	25,738
13	DuC	1,123	20	30	590
14	asmpn	3,000	1,585	12	19,015
18	AT	518	274	12	3,283
21	AT	352	186	12	2,231
25	AS	8,447	937	12	11,243

 

Southern Africa - Site ID's	Method	Size sq.km	Transect Kms	Cost/km	Total
1	AS	15,219	1,688	12	20,257
2	AT	3,390	1,791	12	21,486
3	AT	2,870	1,516	12	18,191
7	AS	19,485	2,161	12	25,935
9	AS	30,000	3,328	12	39,931
11	AS	9,050	1,004	12	12,046
10	asmpn	3,000	1,585	12	19,015
15	AS	8000	887	12	10,648
South Asia - Site ID's
1	DuC	565	136	12	1,632
2	DuC	195	47	12	564
3	DuC	500	120	12	1,440
5	DiC	181	16	9	144
8	DiC	874	80	9	720
9	DiC	641	52	9	468
11	DiC	796	72	12	864
15	DiC	7,505	338	9	3,042
30	DiC	155	12	9	108
Southeast Asia - Site ID's
7	DiC	2,000	180	9	1,620
18	DuC	2,167	520	12	6,240
21	DuC	3,445	827	12	9,924
22	DuC	575	138	12	1,656
26	asmpn	3,500	840	12	10,080
28	DuC	2,600	624	12	7,488
Sub-total		358,134.5	49,073.3		622,880.4
Administrative overhead (15%)					93,432
Total					716,312

Notes

1. asmpn = assumed size of site area
2. AT = Aerial Total count, DiC = Direct Ground Count, DuC = Dung Count, AS = Aerial Sample count
3. Cost/km was derived from costing models for both aerial and ground counts. See 5.10
4. Transect Kms were derived from costing models for both aerial and ground counts. See 5.10

 

5.3a Costing of survey equipment - Africa

EQUIPMENT	Q/ Team	Teams	Cost/ Item Per year	Total per year	Lifespan (yr)	6 Years Cost
Camera	1	29	833	24,167	4	36,250
Zoom lens 70mm - 200mm	1	29	500	14,500	4	21,750
Binoculars	1	45	100	4,500	4	6,750
Tape recorder	1	29	217	6,283	2	18,850
One pair parallel metal rods	1	29	33	967	1	5,800
Aerial calibration strip markers	1	29	33	957	1	5,742
GPS	1	45	1,200	54,000	2	162,000
StepSets 400 pedometer	1	16	1,200	19,200	2	57,600
Random number tables	1	45	10	450	1	2,700
Sighting poles	2	16	10	320	1	1,920
Matchetes and file	2	16	10	320	2	960
Surveyors chain/ Topofil	1	16	417	6,667	2	20,000
Backpacks	4	16	100	6,400	2	19,200
Peg markers	2	16	5	160	1	960
Calculators	1	45	40	1,800	2	5,400
Range finder	1	16	417	6,667	2	20,000
Starter tags and transect end tags	2	16	83	2,656	1	15,936
Dark clothing	8	16	80	10,240	0.5	122,880
Lightweight boots	8	16	60	7,680	0.5	92,160
Jerry cans	4	16	6	384	1	2,304
Tape measure	1	45	83	3,750	1	22,500
Hand held VHF radio	2	45	800	72,000	2	216,000
Tents	4	16	300	19,200	2	57,600
Day packs	4	16	10	640	2	1,920
Hip packs	4	16	10	640	2	1,920
Sleeping pads	4	16	10	640	2	1,920
Tarps	5	16	20	1,600	0.5	19,200
Personal compass	1	16	67	1,067	2	3,200
Sighting compass	1	16	200	3,200	2	9,600
Topofil line	1	16	100	1,600	0.5	19,200
Flagging tape	1	16	10	160	0.5	1,920
Pruning shears	1	16	10	160	2	480
Cooking pots	2	16	6	192	2	576
Cooking spoons	2	16	3	96	2	288
Plates	4	16	3	192	2	576
Cutlery	4	16	3	192	2	576
Sub-total				273,646		976,638
Administrative overhead (15%)				41,047		146,496
Total				314,693		1,123,134

Notes

1. Q/ Team indicates the number of items of a particular equipment required per survey team.
2. The number of teams is determined by the site survey type, 16 for forest sites and 29 for aerial surveys.
3. Equipment costs and lifespan was determined by supplier quotations, estimates and informed guesses.

 

5.3b Costing of survey equipment - Asia

EQUIPMENT	Q/ Team	Teams	Cost/ Item Per Year	Total Per Year	Lifespan (Years)	6 Years Cost
Camera	1	15	677	10,155	4	15,233
Zoom lens 70mm - 200mm	1	15	282	4,230	4	6,345
Film	1	15	190	2,850	4	4,275
Binoculars	4	15	279	16,740	4	25,110
Tape recorder	1	15	183	2,745	2	8,235
One pair parallel metal rods	1	15	33	500	1	3,000
GPS	1	15	340	5,100	2	15,300
StepSets 400 pedometer	1	15	70	1,050	2	3,150
Maps	1	15	63	945	2	2,835
Random number tables	1	15	15	225	1	1,350
Sighting poles	2	15	10	300	1	1,800
Matchetes and file	2	15	14	420	2	1,260
Surveyors chain/ Topofil	1	15	105	1,575	2	4,725
Backpacks	4	15	25	1,500	2	4,500
Peg markers	2	15	14	420	1	2,520
Calculators	1	15	35	525	2	1,575
Range finder	1	15	54	810	2	2,430
Starter tags and transect end tags	2	15	12	360	1	2,160
Dark clothing	8	15	41	4,920	0.5	59,040
Lightweight boots	8	15	35	4,200	0.5	50,400
Jerry cans	4	15	12	720	1	4,320
Tape measure	1	15	17	255	1	1,530
Hand held VHF radio	2	15	466	13,980	2	41,940
Tents/mosquito nets	4	15	284	17,040	2	51,120
Day packs	4	15	23	1,380	2	4,140
Hip packs	4	15	23	1,380	2	4,140
Sleeping pads	4	15	38	2,280	2	6,840
Tarps	5	15	32	2,400	0.5	28,800
Personal compass	1	15	92	1,380	2	4,140
Sighting compass	1	15	90	1,350	2	4,050
Topofil line	1	15	100	1,500	0.5	18,000
Flagging tape	1	15	61	915	0.5	10,980
Pruning shears	1	15	14	210	2	630
Field camp furniture	1	15	125	1,875	2	5,625
Cooking utensils	1	15	47	705	2	2,115
Sub-total				106,940		403,613
Administrative overhead (15%)				16,041		60,542
Total				122,981		464,154

Notes

1. Q/ Team indicates the number of items of a particular equipment required per survey team.
2. Equipment costs and lifespan was determined by supplier quotations, estimates and informed guesses.

 

5.4 Costing of data collection and compilation

CO ORDINATION	Q/ Team	Teams	Cost/ Item Per Year	Total
Sub-regional, National and Field
Africa
STAFFING
Sub-regional compilers	1	4	7,031	28,125
National compilers	1	15	7,031	105,465
Site data collection officers	1	45	3,750	168,750
Guard/ Cook	1	45	600	27,000
RECURRENT COSTS				-
Travel and meetings	1	4	18,750	75,000
Telephone, fax and e mail	1	4	2,250	9,000
Africa sub-total				413,340
Asia
STAFFING
Sub-regional compilers	1	2	14,000	28,000
National compilers	1	2	3,600	7,200
Site data collection officers	1	15	3,350	50,250
Guard/ Cook	1	15	600	9,000
RECURRENT COSTS				-
Travel and meetings	1	4	18,750	75,000
Telephone, fax and e mail	1	19	2,000	38,000
Asia sub-total				207,450
Sub-total				620,790
Administrative overhead (15%)				93,119
Total				713,909

Notes for Africa costings

1. The staffing costs were on best estimates adjusted for the current trends.
2. Sub regional compilers were taken at 25% of their time.
3. Data collection officers were taken at 50% of their time.

Notes for Asia costings
1. The staffing costs based on average of estimates from each of the Range States
2. All staff estimated as full time positions.

 

5.5 Costing of Technical Support and Data Processing Unit and Reporting

CO ORDINATION	Q/ Team	Teams	Cost/ Item	Total
			Per Year
Central Support Unit
STAFFING
Head of unit	1	1	75,000	75,000
Information technologist	1	1	52,500	52,500
Secretarial support person	1	1	26,250	26,250
Statistical consultancy	1	1	20,000	20,000
RECURRENT COSTS
Travel and meetings	1	1	18,750	18,750
Nairobi telephone, fax and e mail	1	1	12,000	12,000
Reporting	1	1	50,000	50,000
Office rent	1	1	12,000	12,000
Sub-total				266,500
Administrative overhead (15%)				39,975
Total				306,475

Notes

1. Staffing costs represent cost of employment and were based on IUCN grade structures and adjusted for current trends.
2. Head of Unit likely to be expatriate with Phd qualifications, Grade 11
3. Information Technologist likely to be Grade 10
4. Secretarial support person required to be bilingual, Grade 5

 

 

5.6 Costing of capacity building

	Africa	Asia
Number of sub-regional sessions	4	2
Participants per session	15	15
Estimated cost per session	14,500	14,500
Sub-regional sub-total	58,000	29,000
Number of national sessions	15	2
Participants per session	6	10
Estimated cost per session	4,050	4,050
National/site based sub-total	60,750	10,000
Total estimated costs	118,750	37,100
Administrative overhead (15%)	17,813	5,565
Sub-Total	136,563	42,665
TOTAL		179,228

 

1. Costs include

6 sub regional workshops per year employing a specialist consultant for upto a month 

	US$
Fees	6000
Travel and accomodation	7000
Equipment	500
Communication	1000
	14500	per workshop

 

20 national or site based workshops per year

Travel and accomodation	3000
Materials	50
Communications	1000
	4050	per workshop

 

5.7 Sub regional cost breakdown (in a survey year)

			AFRICA		ASIA		TOTAL
	East	Central	West	South	South	Southeast
Population Surveys
Survey costs	209,592	106,775	154,423	192,634	10,329	42,559	716,313
Survey equipment	47,412	111,176	113,333	42,771	73,789	49,192	437,673
(apportioned directly as incurred)
Sub total	257,005	217,951	267,756	235,405	84,118	91,752	1,153,986
Data collection and compilation	95,188	154,680	190,376	95,188	107,086	71,391	713,909
(apportioned on basis of no. of sites)
Technical support and data processing unit and reporting	51,079	51,079	51,079	51,079	51,079	51,079	306,475
(apportioned equally)
Capacity building	23,897	38,833	47,794	23,897	26,884	17,923	179,228
(apportioned on basis of no. of sites)
Total	427,169	462,543	557,004	405,569	269,167	232,144	2,353,597

 

 

5.8 Costing of initial one-off set up costs (USD)

	AFRICA	ASIA
Central Support Unit
Recruitment and passage of Technical Support and Data Processing Unit staff	115,217
Telephone equipment	3,500
Radio communication equipment	3,500
Acquisition of Nairobi office premises	833
Document imaging equipment	2,000
Preliminary administration expenses	1,000
Nairobi office furniture, fixtures and fittings	10,000
Stationery corporate identity and initial printing	2,000
Computers, software and printers	16,667
Sub regional, National and Field Offices
Computers and software for site co ordinators	125,000	45,000
Solar power supply units and backups for site co ordinators	90,000	30,000
Computers and printers for sub regional and national compilers	52,833	12,000
Solar power units and backups for sub regional and national compilers	38,000	8,000
Motorscooters for field survey teams		90,000
Sub-total
Administrative overhead (15%)	69,083	27,750
Continental Totals	529,633	212,750
GRAND TOTAL		742,383

Amounts were derived from supplier quotations, estimates and informed guesses

 

5.9 Estimated overall costs for Years 1- 6

	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	Year 4	Year 5	Year 6	Total
Set up
Initial Set up costs	742,383	0	0	0	0	0	742,383
Survey Costs
Survey Equipment	437,674	57,524	366,409	366,409	459,557	60,400	1,747,972
Survey costs	716,312		789,735		870,682		2,376,729
Refit Costs
Computer Equipment	0	0	167,407	167,407	0	0	334,814
Capacity Building
Annual training	179,228	188,189	197,598	207,478	217,852	228,745	1,219,090
Recurrent Costs
Annual recurrent costs	1,020,384	1,071,403	1,124,973	1,181,221	1,240,283	1,302,297	6,940,560
Total	3,095,980	1,317,115	2,646,121	1,922,515	2,788,374	1,591,441	13,361,547
Six Year Total							13,361,547

Notes

1. Initial set up costs are as illustrated in 5.8 Costing of initial fixed one off, set up costs
2. Survey costs, see 5.2 Population survey costs, are done every 2 years and at an increased cumulative cost of 5% pa.
3. The cost of survey equipment, see 5.3 Costing of survey equipment, is based on lifespan.
4. Refit costs relate to the costs of replacing computer equipment and power sources in Years 3 and 4
5. Annual recurrent costs (data collection, compilation and central co-ordination) increases have been assumed at an average of 5% per annum

 

5.10 Example Costing Model

Example one

Aerial Sample	Workings
Take the Garamba site in Congo Kinshasa with a total area of	15,125	a	Given
Determine the sample size at 21% sample intensity	3,176	b	21% of 15,125
Determine the number of blocks at ideal 1,100sq.km per block	3	c	b divided by 1,110
Determine the flight distance per block at block size/ flight corridor	1,588	d	(c times 1,100) divided by 2
Add the flight distance between flight corridors per block	90	e	(square root of 1,100) times c
Therefore total flight distance is equal to	1,678	f	d plus e
Time in hours	17	g	f divided by 100km/ hr
Adjust for dead(transit) time	25	h	g times 1.5
Time in days	8	I	g divided by three
Determination of cost per kilometre
Cost of plane hire	6,291	j	250 US$ per hour times g
Cost of crew	11,743	k	1,400 US$ per day times I
Transport costs to and from base per day	839	l	100 US$ per day times i
Films and developing costs	336	m	20 US$ times survey hours g
SRF data analysis	839	n	time for analysis = flight days/2 , times 200 US$ per day
Total cost of survey	20,048	o	Sum j, k, l, m and n
Therefore cost per kilometre	12		l divided by f
Therefore cost per square kilometre	6		l divided by ( c times 1,110)

 

Example two

Aerial Total Counts	Workings
Take the Kruger National Park site in South Africa with a total area of	19,485	a	Given
Determine the number of blocks	18	b	a divided by 1,100sq.km
Determine the flight distance per block	9,743	c	(b times 1,100) divided by 2
Add the flight distance between corridors per block	549	d	( square root of 1,100) times b
Therefore total flight distance is equal to	10,292	e	c plud d
Time in hours	103	f	(e divided by 100km/hr) times 1.5 dead time
Adjust for dead(transit) time	154	g	f times 1.5
Time in days	51	h	g divided by 3
Determination of cost per kilometre
Cost of plane hire	38,594	I	250 US$ per hour times f
Cost of crew	72,041	j	1,400 US$ per day times g
Transport costs to and from base per day	5,146	k	100 US$ per day times h
Film and developing costs	2,058	l	20 US$ times survey hours f
SRF data analysis	5,146	m	time for analysis = flight days/2, times 200 US$ per day
Total cost of survey	122,985	n	Sum I, j, k, l, m and n
Therefore cost per kilometre	12		k divided by e
Therefore cost per square kilometre is equal to	6		k divided by ( 1,100 times b)

 

Example Three

Dung Counts	Workings
Take the Parc Nat. Tai site in Ivory Coast with a total area of	8,119	a	Given
Determine the sample size at 21% sample intensity	1,705	b	21% of a
Determine the length of transects at 1km for each 12sq.km	142	c	b divided by 12
Time in days at 5 kms a day	28	d	c divided by 5 kms a day
Reconnaissance/ preliminary survey	3	e	10% of total census time to determine dung transition
Determination of cost per kilometre
Cost of survey team	4,126	f	(US$44 (KWS)per day times 3adjustment factor) times (d plus e)
Transport costs to and from site per survey	100	g	US$ 100 per survey
Stationery and other related costs	99	h	US$ 33 per survey times a factor of 3
Therefore cost per kilometre	30		(Sum f, g and h) divided by c
Therefore cost per square kilometre	3		(Sum f, g and h) divided by b

 

Example Four

Total Ground Count
Take the Dzangha-Sangha site in CAR with a total area of	3,292	a	Given
Determine the total transect lengths	274	b	a divided by 12km.sq
Time in days	55	c	b divided by 5 kms a day
Reconnaissance/ preliminary survey	5	d	10% of total census time to determine dung transition
Determination of cost per kilometre
Cost of survey team	7,967	e	(US$44 (KWS) per day times a factor of 3) times (c plus d)
Transport cost to and from site per survey	100	f	US$ 100 per survey
Stationery and other related costs per survey	99	g	US$ 33 per survey times a factor of 3
Therefore cost per kilometre	30		(Sum e, f and g )divided by b
Therefore cost per square kilometre is equal to	2		(Sum e, f and g) divided by a

Annex 4: Selection of a representative sample of sites